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L.H Morgan
Sir Edward Evans
Ruth Benedict
Margaret Mead
G. H Mead
C.H Cooley
B. Malinowski
Alfred Schultz
Herbert Marcuse
Edmund Leach
Ralph Linton
Peter M. Blau
Franz Boase
Auguste Comte
Emile Durkheim
Herbert Spencer
Karl Mannheim
Karl Marx
Pareto
R.K Merton
Pitirim Sorokin
Talcott Parsons
Ferdinand Tonnies
Veblen
Sigmund Freud
Plato
Thomas Hobbes
Edward Burnett Taylor
Karl Polyani
Alfred Louis Kroeber
Erving Goffman
James George Frazer
Ralph Dahrendorf
Raymond Firth
Radcliffe Brown

Ralph Linton

Belonging to the diffusionist school of culture along with Kluckhon and Kroeber, he deals with culture from the angle of subjective nature of human understanding. Accepting culture as a configuration of learnt behavior whose component elements are shared and transmitted by the members of a particular society he distinguished between real culture, ideal culture and cultural construct. Ideal culture implies the cultural patterns which society delineates as ideal or proper behavior while real culture shows the manner in which such behavior actually occurs in reality. If the former is reality, the latter is our understanding of the same. If the former may be called culture, then the latter may be called cultural construct.

Important Books:

  • The Study Of Man
  • The Cultural Background Of Personality
  • The Tree Of Culture

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